Which of the following best explains diffusion? Diagram of a sodium-glucose cotransporter, which uses the energy stored in a sodium ion gradient to transport glucose "uphill" against its gradient. Simple diagram of a symporter (carrying two molecules in the same direction) and an antiporter (carrying two molecules in opposite directions). D. Golgi apparatus. Adults should handle or assist with potentially harmful materials or sharp objects. B. ribosome In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the solution with the higher solute concentration is hypertonic, and the solution with the lower solute concentration is hypotonic. If you knew the answer, tap the green Know box. The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. are in the same box the next time you log in. Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis. Great question since proteins are very large and complex they almost always have regions with different characteristics including patches that have negative or positive charges. It is the random motion of the molecules that causes them to move from an area of high concentration to an area with a lower concentration. this monosaccharide yields the most energy of all macromolecules. Facilitated diffusion is diffusion that is helped along (facilitated by) a membrane transport channel. Heroes and Highlights in the History of Diffusion. The inside of all cells also contain a jelly-like substance called cytosol. http://physrev.physiology.org/content/91/2/733, https://phys.org/news/2013-10-mechanism-sodium-potassium-revealed.html. This makes it easier for the dye to get mixed throughout the hot water. Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown? Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will take in water across their membranes until both the external solution and the cytosol are isotonic. Facilitated diffusion is powered entirely by GTP hydrolysis B. Also, it is spatially more available than in the case of ATP. Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. A heavier molecule with a larger surface area will diffuse slowly, while smaller, lighter particles will diffuse more quickly. Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields. 3.5 Passive Transport - Concepts of Biology - 1st Canadian Edition The hypertonic solution is one one side of the membrane and the hypotonic solution on the other. For each of the following cases, determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates irreversibly, or is impossible. In secondary active transport, the two molecules being transported may move either in the same direction (i.e., both into the cell), or in opposite directions (i.e., one into and one out of the cell). A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. One and a Half Century of Diffusion: Fick, Einstein, before and beyond. Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? The second sugar solution is hypertonic to the first. A cell is placed into a 3% dextrose solution. The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. yes, dimensions also play a role in the case of transport. This allows red blood cells to carry oxygen all over your body. Once again, as the concentration of this gas increases within the cell, it diffuses outwards towards capillaries where the force of flowing blood removes the excess gas from the tissue region. Which of these statements is NOT true? One of the main characteristics of diffusion is the movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. Wheat was first domesticated in Mesopotamia because of a favorable climate and a great diversity of wild grains that led to crossbreeding of seeds. Diffusion is affected by temperature, area of interaction, steepness of the concentration gradient and particle size. Diffusion happens slowly and only across the small surface of interaction between the two fluids. This may seem like a complicated cycle, but it just involves the protein going back and forth between two forms: an inward-facing form with high affinity for sodium (and low affinity for potassium) and an outward-facing form with high affinity for potassium (and low affinity for sodium). Adult should review each experiment and determine what the appropriate age is for the students participation in each activity before conducting any experiment. What conditions affect the diffusion of a substance in water? Even though this is random non-directed movement, with a large bulk, it can create a scenario where there is no net movement of gas from the container. Though water is a polar molecule, it can also diffuse through the plasma membrane. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower concentration solution (i.e., higher concentration of water) to an area of higher concentration solution (i.e., lower concentration of water). Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? Therefore, the rate of diffusion of the gas into air also increases. how does the antiporter provide energy for molecules to go in the "opposite" direction? At any given temperature, the diffusion of a smaller particle will be more rapid than that of a larger-sized molecule. Divide the following terms into component parts and give the meanings of the complete terms. Lettuce production in the United States is an example of commercial farming. Each of these factors, independently and collectively can alter the rate and extent of diffusion. Which of the following best explains the farming practice related to plantation agriculture? This statement describes _____. When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink. Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. For instance, the channel protein that transports potassium ions has a much higher affinity for that ion than a very similar sodium ion, with nearly the same size and charge. The three main kinds of passive transport are diffusion (or simple diffusion), osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Direct link to Sam's post 1) The "sodium/glucose sy, Posted 7 years ago. Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? Explanation: When a substance moves from higher concentrated area to a lower concentrated area, is called as diffusion. In any system, molecules are moving with a certain amount of kinetic energy. Active transport: primary & secondary overview (article) | Khan Academy What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? This page titled 8.4: Osmosis and Diffusion is shared under a CK-12 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by CK-12 Foundation. As an example, while gases and small molecules like methane or water can diffuse freely across a plasma membrane, larger charged molecules like carbohydrates or nucleic acids need the help of transmembrane proteins forming pores or channels. start superscript, 2, comma, 3, end superscript, start superscript, 4, comma, 5, end superscript. Philibert, J. Stirring increases the area of interaction between the two chemicals and allows these molecules to diffuse towards each other more quickly. Direct link to City Face's post Because a solute moving d, Posted 7 years ago. The electrode system developed a potential of 0.2331V-0.2331 \mathrm{~V}0.2331V when immersed in 10.010.010.0 mL\mathrm{mL}mL of the solution of unknown concentration. Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion? Does it move differently in the hot water than the cold water? The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. Be sure to clean up when you are done. Remember that there is water outside the cell, and the cytoplasm inside the cell is mostly water as well. Diffusion. if there are more Potassium ions in a cell, how is the cell negatively charged? Sucrose cannot pass through a red blood cell's plasma membrane, but water and urea can. Feedlots can minimize costs associated with livestock production because feedlots do not use as much space as cattle ranching. The material that diffuses could be a solid, liquid or gas. Background. The two images represent different agricultural land survey patterns. Water molecules will move from the side of higher water concentration to the side of lower concentration until both solutions are isotonic. It can involve either the spreading of a material through a medium or the transport of a particle across a membrane. Both domesticated plants and animals spread across the globe through contagious diffusion in early years by farmers and traders, and later by relocation diffusion through European exploration and colonialism. Water moves into and out of cells by osmosis. Domesticated animals such as cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens were introduced to the Americas by European colonizers. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, the solution has a lower water concentration than the cell cytosol, and water moves out of the cell until . D. The IV fluid should be hypotonic to the patient's blood. A. An example of this is the way the noxious smell of ammonia gas spreads in air. Diffusion is an important part of many biological and chemical processes. C. Secondary active transport occurs when the movement of one substance is coupled with the passive transport of a second substance. Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. Each cell has a long tail that moves in a whip-like manner. No, because the potassium is highly concentrated in the cell, and so that's where the molecules must go(based on active transport going low concentration to high concentration). Which of the following explains how global demand for palm oil has proved beneficial and detrimental f. Palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the growth in the industry resulted in heavy deforestation in both countries. A. The cytoplasm does not include the nucleus. At this balance point, the inside of the membrane is negative relative to the outside. Spaeth, E. E., and Friedlander, S.K. does the glucose molecule just randomly attach itself to the protein when it's about to transport a sodium ion to the other side? However, the same phenomenon is not seen when immiscible liquids like petrol and water are mixed together. In this experiment, the food coloring that gets added is the same temperature in each of the hot and cold water tests. Diffusion and Osmosis - Difference and Comparison | Diffen QUESTION 28 Which of the following best explains the role of transcription in a cell? Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? Human Anatomy & Physiology- MyLab & Mastering AandP- Ch 03 HW Diffusion is a physical process that refers to the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. Primary active transport, secondary active transport, exocytosis, and endocytosis are all what type of process? diffusion: [noun] the state of being spread out or transmitted especially by contact : the action of diffusing. Invention of the plow eased the intensive use of labor, and the innovation of mechanized farm equipment led to improved food production. PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter, PS3.C: Relationship Between Energy and Forces. The food coloring mixes through the hot water faster than it mixes with the cold water. D. Secondary active transport involves the movement of a substance into a cell with its concentration gradient. Agricultural technology has increased the economy of scale and the carrying capacity of feedlots, increasing profits for the farmer. Similarly, if a canister of liquid nitrogen leaks a little, nitrogen gas that escapes would quickly diffuse into the atmosphere. The molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration until the concentration becomes equal . Based on this information and your understanding of osmosis and tonicity, what type of IV fluid is the doctor likely administering to try to save the life of the student suffering from water intoxication? Mehrer, H. and Stolwijk, N. A. A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum How To Use Patchouli Oil For Erectile Dysfunction? Which of the following compares this geographic relationship between these revolutions? Direct link to Ivana - Science trainee's post Because it is faster to u, Posted 7 years ago. The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________. Because of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the phospholipid, the molecule must be arranged in a specific pattern as only certain parts of the molecule can physically be in contact with water. A fish that lives in salt water will have somewhat salty water inside itself. Diffusion Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster The rate of diffusion depends on the nature of interaction between the medium and material. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? A Diffusion provides encryption strength, while confusion provides data integrity B. Diffusion provides function integrity, while confusion provides encryption confidentiality. The reaction proceeds as the two reactants diffuse towards each other and undergo a chemical reaction to form esters. If the alveoli in our lungs fill with fluid (pulmonary edema), the distance the gases must travel increases, and their transport decreases. Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid seeds and the chemical inputs to grow them, leaving large gaps in the success of the Green Revolution outside of urban cores. Have you ever colored a picture with marker and noticed that two touching colors begin to bleed together? Which of the following best explains this change? Because a solute moving down its concentration gradient is spontaneous. Here, well look in more detail at gradients of molecules that exist across cell membranes, how they can help or hinder transport, and how active transport mechanisms allow molecules to move against their gradients. A. Phosphorylation makes the pump change shape, re-orienting itself so it opens towards the extracellular space. In fact, cells spend much of the energy they harvest in metabolism to keep their active transport processes running. Solved Which of the following best explains the effect of - Chegg This property can be observed even better if the gas has an odor or color. This means that the dry ice (or even regular ice) will evaporate faster on a warmer day, simply because each molecule is moving with greater energy and is more likely to quickly escape the confines of a solid state. As a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm.